Parameters Spring | 2025 Measuring Interoperability Within NATO: Adapted Off-the-Shelf Tool or Bespoke Solution? | John R. Deni, Matthew R. MacLeod, Sarah E. Stewart, Katherine M. Banko, and Adrian Jones Photo of NATO testing counter-drone technology, Italian Air Force UAV pilots control a fixed wing UAV during a Counter-Unmanned Aerial System Technical Interoperability Exercise in Vredepeel, Netherlands, November 2021, from NATO on Flickr (https://www.flickr.com/photos/nato/52148107931/in/album-72177720299817728), image edges extended with Photoshop’s Generative AI.